Description
IOP2606 ASSIGNMENT 01 (SEMESTER 2, 2026)
DUE AUGUST 2026
QUESTION 1
There are various theoretical approaches to individual differences and
personality. Discuss the following theoretical approaches and provide practical
examples:
a) Psychoanalytical Theories
Psychoanalytical theories were started by Sigmund Freud. These theories say that our
personality is shaped by things that happen in our early childhood. Many of our
behaviours come from hidden forces in our unconscious mind. This means we often do
not know the real reasons why we act in certain ways (Lesson 1, section 1.5.1).
Main Ideas
This theory has three main parts to our personality:
The id – this works on the pleasure principle. It wants immediate satisfaction of our
basic needs and desires.
The ego – this works on the reality principle. It tries to balance what the id wants with
what is acceptable in the real world.
The superego – this represents our moral standards. It is like our conscience that
tells us right from wrong.
The unconscious mind holds memories, desires, and feelings that we are not aware of
but still affect our behaviour. People also use defence mechanisms to protect
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